This site is intended for Australian healthcare professionals.

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CKD = chronic kidney disease; CV = cardiovascular; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; UACR = urine albumin - to - creatinine ratio.

References

  1. Kidney Health Australia. Evidence Report 2021. Make the Link Kidneys, Diabetes & Heart. Accessed March 2023. Available at: https://kidney.org.au/uploads/resources/KHA-Report-Make-the-link-kidneys-diabetes-heart.pdf
  2. Ravera M et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57(1):71-77.
  3. GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709-733.
  4. Kidney Health Australia. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Management in Primary Care. 4th Edition (2020). Accessed August 2022. Available at: https://kidney.org.au/uploads/resources/CKD-Management-in-Primary-Care_handbook_2020.1_2021-05-14-070433.pdf
  5. Larmour K et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;16(7):1117-1119.
  6. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Chronic Diseases. Accessed April 2023. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/australian-health-survey-biomedical-results-chronic-diseases/latest-release#chronic-kidney-disease
  7. Kidney Health Australia, Algorithm for initial detection of CKD. Accessed August 2022. Available at: Algorithm-for-initial-detection-of-CKD_2021_logo.pdf (kidney.org.au)
  8. Ryan TP et al. Am J Med. 2007;120(11):981-986.
  9. Kidney Disease: The Basics. National Kidney Foundation. Published May 2020. Accessed July 2021. Available at: https://www.kidney.org/news/newsroom/factsheets/KidneyDiseaseBasics
  10. Go AS et al. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):1296-1305.
  11. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). National Kidney Foundation. Reviewed 14 September 2020. Accessed July 2021. Available at: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/gfr
  12. Kidney Health Australia. Stages of kidney disease. Accessed July 2021. Available at: https://kidney.org.au/your-kidneys/what-is-kidney-disease/stages-of-kidney-disease
  13. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2013;3(1):1-150. Accessed March 2023. Available at: https://kdigo.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02/KDIGO_2012_CKD_GL.pdf
  14. Ghaderian SB et al. J Renal Inj Prev. 2014;3(4)109-110.
  15. Courser WG et al. Kidney Int. 2011;80(12):1258-1270.
  16. Kidney Disease Stats. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. December 2016. Accessed July 2021. Available at: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease
  17. Yacoub R et al. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:731.
  18. Schnaper HW. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29(2):193-202.
  19. Chagnac A et al. Nephron. 2019;143(1):38-42.
  20. Cravedi P et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;76(4):516-523.
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